(third class)
All the quality that we can achieve in a cellar is the work that is done in the vineyard: If the vineyard produce excellent grapes perhaps the result will be a great wine! If the grapes are bad surely also the wine will be. Encouraging it?
must carefully plan the harvest. The macroscopic parameters such as breeding system, the density of logs, etc., have already been established when the vineyard was originally planted. But then we must make decisions each year.
The first choice to make is: when to harvest ? The answer may be easy and that is when the grape harvest is already mature ... .. .... but when the grapes are ripe?
parameters are varied, in fact, the harvest time is always related to the type of wine you want to achieve, and is based on the ratio sugar / acid, the concentration of polyphenols and aromatic ones, as well as on Health grapes.
If you want to produce sparkling wine or a wine with good acid content, a grape that does not require large amounts of sugar. In this case the harvest is anticipated increasing the number fixed acid and refined aromas.
If the goal is to produce a great red wine, structured where great importance is given by the color (ie polyphenols and tannins), refers to the phenolic maturity and then the v endemmia is a bit 'retarded.
For dessert wines, or perhaps we will need vigorous grape over-ripe (so it goes beyond the degree of ripeness), and harvest will be late this .
collection : Prior to full maturity for white wine
; full maturity for red (phenolic maturity)
; Overripe for dessert wines and fortified
With what media you choose when to harvest?
Some are very simple such as the use of the refractometer . If sugars are our point of reference then the refractometer helps us to understand the content of sugars in the berries through a planned measure every 3-4-5 days. We construct a curve of maturation occurs and when that maturity has come up to start collecting the grapes.
You can also use empirical methods, namely by observing the grapes and tasting the grapes, or you can rely on established scientific methods in the laboratory.
Once established then the date of the harvest to harvest as you decide .
A quality wine requires hand picking but there's obviously also the mechanical harvesting! Major events are:
• collection
• Moving
• reception in the basement
The handpicked is more delicate, but allows you to choose and evaluate the clusters one by one, provided that those who pick the grapes is a person who knows what he's doing!
The grapes need to get healthy in the basement (not affected by mold, rot, disease) and whole (not crushed). If the grapes are crushed into the container in which it is collected, from collection to delivery and spend 6-7 hours, the juice that is deposited in the container may begin to ferment by promoting the action of wild yeast present on the skins, the growth of bacteria, and the beginning of oxidation.
The ideal is to pick grapes in boxes of 20kg on both sides and cut out the bottom so that, although the weight of the clusters on the surface to crush the grapes go places on the bottom, the juice that comes out is lost and not deposited.
The mechanical harvesting is quick and convenient and can reduce the problems of shortage of manpower. The collection is made with the help of machines in the shape of inverted U that they drop by shaking the bunches which, through a tape, is collected in large baskets.
Problem: shaking it to "stress" the grapes, then the machine can not select (which is instead that man does), also with the grapes are picked including branches, leaves, etc..
After harvest the grapes, this wine comes in and thrown into a hopper. However, if the intent is to make a wine of great quality you should re-select the grapes (even for the fine wines can also be reached to select the grapes!).
In this case, the boxes of grapes are poured on the sorting belts.
The clusters at this point must be transformed into wine. Today systems are used crushed or, more often diraspapigiatura, the grapes undergo fermentation in red, while the pressing direct grapes is applied to white ones.
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